Kentucky Darter

Etheostoma rafinesquei

Percidae · freshwater water fish

2 minute read · Species guide

Kentucky Darter field guide illustration

About Kentucky Darter

The Kentucky darter (Etheostoma rafinesquei) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the upper Green and Gasper River systems in Kentucky. It inhabits rocky pools and adjacent riffles of creeks and small rivers. It has a diet that mainly consists of mayflies, larval blackflies, midges and occasionally various insect larvae. This species can reach a length of 6.5 cm (2.6 in).

The Kentucky darter was first formally described in 1982 by Lawrence M. Page and Brooks Burr with the type locality being given as Barren Run, tributary of The North Fork of the Nolin River, 2 kilometers northwest of town of Barren Run, Kentucky. The specific name honours the French naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840) who was Professor of Botany and Natural History at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky and described many species of fish from Kentucky.

Article text: Wikipedia contributors, Kentucky darter (source revision). Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Diet and feeding

The FishTraits compilation records these diet categories for this species: invertebrates or larval fish. These are broad categories, not a claim that every individual consumes every example in a category.

Habitat preferences

Reported habitat associations include streams and small rivers, creeks.

The source records associations with gravel, cobble, boulders. An association indicates reported use, rather than an exclusive requirement.

Reproduction and parental care

Recorded spawning months are Mar, Apr, May for the source’s reporting region (KY). This is a regional calendar, not a range-wide schedule.

Size and recorded longevity

FishTraits reports a maximum total length of 6.5 centimetres. Some entries use an estimated asymptotic length; this value should not be treated as a certified record catch.

Range

Where it lives

Share of 180 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 2 states. The orange dots are USGS stream-survey sites where this species was caught.
0%
99.4%
Share of 180 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 2 states. The orange dots are USGS stream-survey sites where this species was caught.

A blank area on the dot layer usually means nobody sampled there, not that the fish is absent. Turn on “every survey site” to see where the survey looked.

Share of records by state

The USGS stream survey caught it at 47 of its sites, in 1 state. That survey and the GBIF records are two different counts of two different things, so the site keeps them apart.

Habitat

Water and movement

Water
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Migration
Undetermined

Classification

Taxonomy

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Superclass
Actinopterygii
Class
Teleostei
Order
Perciformes
Family
Percidae
Genus
Etheostoma
Species
Etheostoma rafinesquei
ITIS TSN
168460
WoRMS AphiaID
1012231
GBIF key
2382254

Common questions about Kentucky Darter

What is the scientific name of Kentucky Darter?
The scientific name is Etheostoma rafinesquei, in the family Percidae. Classification follows ITIS.
Does Kentucky Darter live in fresh water or salt water?
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Where has Kentucky Darter been recorded in the United States?
GBIF has observations in 2 states, with the most records in Kentucky, Tennessee. The map shows observation records, which do not establish the complete natural range.

Closest relatives

Other Etheostoma species

Same family

More Percidae

All 229 species in Percidae