Backwater Darter

Etheostoma zonifer

Percidae · freshwater water fish

2 minute read · Species guide

Backwater Darter field guide illustration

About Backwater Darter

The backwater darter (Etheostoma zonifer), a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, is a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae: part of the family Percidae that also contains the perches, ruffes, and pikeperches. The Backwater darter is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in streams on the coastal plain in the Mobile Bay drainage in Alabama and Mississippi. Specifically, E. zonifer inhabits mud-bottomed, often vegetated, pools of sluggish creeks and small rivers. This species can reach a length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in).

Diet and feeding

The FishTraits compilation records these diet categories for this species: invertebrates or larval fish. These are broad categories, not a claim that every individual consumes every example in a category.

Reported feeding positions include bottom feeding. The compilation combines published observations; diets can vary with age, locality, and available food.

Habitat preferences

Reported habitat associations include streams and small rivers.

The source records associations with muck, clay or silt, sand, vegetation. An association indicates reported use, rather than an exclusive requirement.

Reproduction and parental care

The compilation reports a representative maturity age of 1 years. Its maturity field summarizes mean, median, or modal estimates, usually for females; male estimates can be used when female data are unavailable. It is not a fixed age at which every fish first breeds.

Batch or serial spawning has been reported somewhere in the species’ range. This does not establish the same spawning pattern for every population.

Recorded spawning months are Mar, Apr for the source’s reporting region (MS). This is a regional calendar, not a range-wide schedule.

The reproductive-guild classification includes spawning on open substrates without guarding the brood.

Size and recorded longevity

FishTraits reports a maximum total length of 4.4 centimetres. Some entries use an estimated asymptotic length; this value should not be treated as a certified record catch.

Recorded longevity in the compilation is 2.5 years. Wild observations were preferred, but captive records were accepted where wild records were unavailable, and unspecified records were assumed wild. The value is not a guaranteed wild lifespan or an aquarium life expectancy.

Range

Where it lives

Share of 183 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 3 states.
0%
86.9%
Share of 183 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 3 states.

Habitat

Water and movement

Water
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Migration
Undetermined

Classification

Taxonomy

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Superclass
Actinopterygii
Class
Teleostei
Order
Perciformes
Family
Percidae
Genus
Etheostoma
Species
Etheostoma zonifer
ITIS TSN
168450
WoRMS AphiaID
1525387
GBIF key
2382347

Common questions about Backwater Darter

What is the scientific name of Backwater Darter?
The scientific name is Etheostoma zonifer, in the family Percidae. Classification follows ITIS.
Does Backwater Darter live in fresh water or salt water?
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Where has Backwater Darter been recorded in the United States?
GBIF has observations in 3 states, with the most records in Alabama, Mississippi, Florida. The map shows observation records, which do not establish the complete natural range.

Closest relatives

Other Etheostoma species

Same family

More Percidae

All 229 species in Percidae