Reticulate Sculpin

Cottus perplexus

Cottidae · freshwater water fish

3 minute read · Species guide

Reticulate Sculpin field guide illustration

About Reticulate Sculpin

The reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the United States, inhabiting Pacific Slope drainages from the Snohomish River and Puget Sound in Washington to the Rogue River system in Oregon and California. It reaches a maximum length of 10.0 cm. This sculpin occurs in a variety of habitats, but mainly occurs in the slower sections of coastal headwaters, creeks, and small rivers. It prefers faster water with rubble or gravel substrate, but occurs in pools and along stream edges when other sculpin species are present. Often it occurs in clear cold water in forested areas. Its ideal habitat is cold creeks in old-growth forest, with plenty of riffles and runs. This species is tolerant of variable water temperatures and salinities. Where other sculpin species are common, spawning occurs in slow-flowing areas; where other sculpin species are rare or absent, spawning usually occurs in riffles.

Additional field notes

Other sculpin species can affect where reticulate sculpins are encountered within a stream.

Sources: Cottus perplexus species summary

Pools, riffles, and neighboring species

FishBase reports use of riffles where Cottus rhotheus and Cottus aleuticus are absent, but greater use of pools where all three occur together. This helps explain apparently different habitat descriptions from different streams. The account also flags uncertain identifications among reports from muddy, still water; those observations should not be treated as equally secure evidence of habitat preference.

Sources: Cottus perplexus species summary

Guide sources

Research reviewed 2026-10-19.

Article text: Wikipedia contributors, Reticulate sculpin (source revision). Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Diet and feeding

The FishTraits compilation records these diet categories for this species: invertebrates or larval fish; larger animal prey (a source category covering fish, crayfish, crabs, or frogs); fish or frog eggs. These are broad categories, not a claim that every individual consumes every example in a category.

Reported feeding positions include bottom feeding. The compilation combines published observations; diets can vary with age, locality, and available food.

Habitat preferences

Reported habitat associations include streams and small rivers, creeks.

The source records associations with gravel, cobble. An association indicates reported use, rather than an exclusive requirement.

The species is classified as tolerant of a broad range of salinities. This flag does not specify a salinity range for aquarium care.

Reproduction and parental care

Recorded spawning months are Mar, Apr, May for the source’s reporting region (CA). This is a regional calendar, not a range-wide schedule.

The reproductive-guild classification includes guarding eggs or young at a spawning substrate or nest.

Size and recorded longevity

FishTraits reports a maximum total length of 10 centimetres. Some entries use an estimated asymptotic length; this value should not be treated as a certified record catch.

Recorded longevity in the compilation is 7 years. Wild observations were preferred, but captive records were accepted where wild records were unavailable, and unspecified records were assumed wild. The value is not a guaranteed wild lifespan or an aquarium life expectancy.

Range

Where it lives

Share of 763 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 3 states. The orange dots are USGS stream-survey sites where this species was caught.
0%
83.9%
Share of 763 GBIF observation records with a state location, across 3 states. The orange dots are USGS stream-survey sites where this species was caught.

A blank area on the dot layer usually means nobody sampled there, not that the fish is absent. Turn on “every survey site” to see where the survey looked.

The USGS stream survey caught it at 179 of its sites, in 2 states. That survey and the GBIF records are two different counts of two different things, so the site keeps them apart.

Habitat

Water and movement

Water
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Migration
Not migratory

Classification

Taxonomy

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Superclass
Actinopterygii
Class
Teleostei
Order
Scorpaeniformes
Family
Cottidae
Genus
Cottus
Species
Cottus perplexus
ITIS TSN
167248
WoRMS AphiaID
1019368
GBIF key
2334092

Common questions about Reticulate Sculpin

What is the scientific name of Reticulate Sculpin?
The scientific name is Cottus perplexus, in the family Cottidae. Classification follows ITIS.
Does Reticulate Sculpin live in fresh water or salt water?
WoRMS records this species in fresh water.
Where has Reticulate Sculpin been recorded in the United States?
GBIF has observations in 3 states, with the most records in Oregon, Washington, California. The map shows observation records, which do not establish the complete natural range.

Closest relatives

Other Cottus species

Same family

More Cottidae

Banded Sculpin17 states
Cottus carolinaeCottidaeNativeFresh
Bear Lake Sculpin2 states
Cottus extensusCottidaeNativeFresh
Black Sculpin4 states
Cottus baileyiCottidaeNativeFresh
Coastrange Sculpin4 states
Cottus aleuticusCottidaeNativeFreshSaltBrackish
Deepwater Sculpin7 states
Myoxocephalus thompsoniiCottidaeNativeFresh
Fourhorn Sculpin4 states
Myoxocephalus quadricornisCottidaeNativeFreshSaltBrackish
Klamath Lake Sculpin1 states
Cottus princepsCottidaeNativeFresh
Marbled Sculpin2 states
Cottus klamathensisCottidaeNativeFresh
Margined Sculpin2 states
Cottus marginatusCottidaeNativeFresh
Mottled Sculpin33 states
Cottus bairdiiCottidaeNative and introducedFreshSalt
Ozark Sculpin4 states
Cottus hypselurusCottidaeNativeFresh
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin4 states
Leptocottus armatusCottidaeNativeSaltBrackish
Paiute Sculpin8 states
Cottus beldingiiCottidaeNativeFresh
Pit Sculpin2 states
Cottus pitensisCottidaeNativeFresh
Potomac Sculpin4 states
Cottus girardiCottidaeNativeFresh
Prickly Sculpin5 states
Cottus asperCottidaeNative and introducedFreshSaltBrackish
Riffle Sculpin4 states
Cottus gulosusCottidaeNativeFresh
Rough Sculpin1 states
Cottus asperrimusCottidaeNativeFresh
Sharpnose Sculpin4 states
Clinocottus acuticepsCottidaeNativeFreshSaltBrackish
Shorthead Sculpin5 states
Cottus confususCottidaeNativeFresh
Shoshone Sculpin1 states
Cottus greeneiCottidaeNativeFresh
Slender Sculpin1 states
Cottus tenuisCottidaeNativeFresh
Slimy Sculpin23 states
Cottus cognatusCottidaeNativeFreshBrackish
Spoonhead Sculpin8 states
Cottus riceiCottidaeNativeFresh

All 28 species in Cottidae