Choose the fish before the equipment
Start with adult size, group size, swimming space, and the water your tap provides. Use the aquarium finder before choosing a tank. This list covers freshwater setups; marine aquariums need a separate plan.
Tank, support, and lid
Choose tank dimensions that meet the planned species’ housing needs, a level stand rated for the filled aquarium, and a suitable lid for fish that jump. Include access for feeding, equipment, and maintenance. Compare the complete setup cost rather than the tank’s sale price.
Filter and temperature control
Choose filtration appropriate to the tank and fish, with accessible media and controllable flow. A sponge filter also needs an air pump, tubing, and appropriate backflow protection. Tropical fish may need a thermostatic heater; check the manufacturer’s sizing guidance and use a separate thermometer.
Conditioner and water tests
Have conditioner that treats chlorine and chloramine, plus tests for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH. Check your tap water’s hardness when choosing fish. Budget for test refills and follow the cycling guide before adding livestock; buying equipment does not make a tank ready for fish.
Substrate, shelter, and light
Match substrate to the fish and any plants. Choose aquarium-safe shelter with smooth edges and openings that cannot trap your fish. Select lighting for the plants you intend to grow and use a timer. Leave open swimming space.
Maintenance kit and appropriate food
Set aside a siphon, dedicated bucket, net, and aquarium-safe algae cleaner. Choose food for the species’ diet and mouth size. Keep all aquarium tools separate from household cleaners. The water-change page includes links for comparing maintenance supplies.
Buy later, when there is a reason
Skip automatic purchases of pH-adjusting chemicals, routine medications, and extra gadgets. Research a specific need before buying. Keep some budget available for replacement equipment and separate housing if a fish becomes ill or tankmates need separating.